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Asia is the world's
largest and most populous continent, located
primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres.
It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area (or 30% of its land area) and
with approximately 3.9 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current
human population. During the 20th century Asia's
population nearly quadrupled.
Asia is
generally defined as comprising the eastern four-fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the east of the Suez Canal and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains
(or the Kuma-Manych Depression)
and the Caspian and Black Seas. It is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean.
Given its size
and diversity, Asia a toponym dating back to classical antiquity
"is more a cultural concept" incorporating diverse
regions and peoples than a homogeneous physical entity Asia differs very widely among and
within its regions with
regard to ethnic groups, cultures, environments, economics, historical ties and
government systems.
The original
distinction between Europe and Asia was made by the ancient Greeks. They used the Aegean Sea, the Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, the Black Sea, the Kerch Strait, and the Sea of Azov as the border between Asia and
Europe. The Nile was often used as the border between Asia
and Africa (then called Libya), although some Greek
geographers suggested the Red Sea would form a better
boundary.
Darius' canal between the Nile and the Red Sea
introduced considerable variation in opinion. Under the Roman Empire, the Don River
emptying into the Black Sea was the western border of Asia. It was the
northernmost navigable point of the European shore. In the 15th century the Red Sea became established as the boundary between
Africa and Asia, replacing the Nile. As exploration developed, the border
between Asia and Europe had to be redefined, as the borders of the time did not
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